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The American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky was a pseudo-judicial process set up by American Trotskyists as a front organization following the first of the Moscow Trials.〔Judy Kutulas. ''The Long War: The Intellectual People's Front and Anti-Stalinism, 1930-1940''. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 1995. pp. 116-118.〕 It had no powers of subpeona, nor official imprimatur from any government. It was composed of historians, sociologists, journalists, authors, and other notable figures, including Edmund Wilson, Suzanne La Follette, Louis Hacker, Norman Thomas, John Dos Passos, Reinhold Niebuhr, George Novack, Franz Boas, John Chamberlain and Sidney Hook. John Dewey, then seventy-eight years old, agreed to head its Commission of Inquiry.〔(''Beard, Becker and the Trotsky Inquiry'', by Harold Kirker and Burleigh Taylor Wilkins © 1961 The Johns Hopkins University Press. ''American Quarterly'', Vol. 13, No. 4 (Winter, 1961), pp. 516-525 )〕 ==History== In March 1937, The American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky initiated the so-called Dewey Commission (officially the "Commission of Inquiry into the Charges Made against Leon Trotsky in the Moscow Trials"). The inquiry was named after its Chairman, John Dewey. Its other members were Carleton Beals, an authority on Latin-American affairs; Otto Ruehle, biographer of Karl Marx and former member of the Reichstag; American journalists Benjamin Stolberg and Suzanne LaFollette (Secretary); Alfred Rosmer, who in 1920-21 had been a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International; Wendelin Thomas, leader of the Wilhelmshaven sailors’ revolt in November 1918 and later a Communist member of the German Reichstag; Edward A. Ross, Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin; former literary critic of ''The New York Times'' John Chamberlain, Carlo Tresca, Italian-American anarchist leader; and Mexican journalist Francisco Zamora.〔 A sub-commission, comprising the first five commission members listed above, conducted thirteen hearings at Trotsky's home in Coyoacan, Mexico, D.F., from April 10 to April 17, 1937. Leon Trotsky was defended by the lawyer Albert Goldman. John Finerty acted as the commission’s legal counsel.〔 During the course of the "trial", committee member Mauritz A. Hallgren, formerly an editor of ''The Nation'' magazine, made headlines with a public resignation from the committee published in the pages of the ''New York Times.''〔Arthur Jay Klinghoffer andJudith Apter Klinghoffer, ''International Citizens' Tribunals: Mobilizing Public Opinion to Advance Human Rights.'' New York: Palgrave, 2002; pg. 71.〕 Hallgren charged that the American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky had "become an instrument of the Trotskyists for political intervention against the Soviet Union."〔Quoted in "An Open Letter to American Liberals," ''Soviet Russia Today,'' March 1937, pp. 14-15.〕 Hallgren's January 27, 1937 letter of resignation was later published as a 1-cent propaganda pamphlet by the Communist Party's International Publishers.〔Mauritz A. Hallgren, ''Why I Resigned from the Trotsky Defense Committee.'' New York: International Publishers, 1937.〕 Albert Einstein, although noting that Trotsky deserved the opportunity to prove his innocence, was critical of the Dewey inquiry: "The question is raised because Trotsky is an extremely active and adroit politician, who might well search for an effective platform for the presentation and promulgation of his political goals in the public sphere. . . . I'm afraid that the only result would be Trotsky's own self-promotion without the possibility of a well-ground judgment."〔Quoted in Christopher Phelps. ''Young Sidney Hook: Marxist and Pragmatist''. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 2005. p. 153.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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